石亞當：A Unique Shang Dynasty Group Writing

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原文标题：石亞當：A Unique Shang Dynasty Group Writing

A Unique Shang Dynasty Group Writing
Adam Schwartz石亞當
芝加哥大學
On the left half of a turtle carapace discovered from Huayuanzhuang East (HYZ 332) there is the inscription which Yao Xuan’s transcription reads as:
辛未卜：西鄉（向？饗？）[]二
There are two problems with this. The first is her indecision about how to read 鄉, either as a loan for

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xiang向 ‘to f

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ace, head (in a direction)’, or as the ancestral form of xiang饗 ‘to feast’; the second is the divination coda which she leaves undetermined, preferring to put her faith in the facsimile form rendered by Liu Yiman and Cao Dingyun.
From the rubbing (plate 1), however, we can note two problems with Liu and Cao’s hand-copy. One, the incorrect rendering of a line that looks like an underscore runnin

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g from the bottom of the middle graph down to the bottom of the ‘left hand holding a stick’ . Two, the non-inclusion of the top part of a second ‘tree’ which can still be seen (fig. 1).
Actually,

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is a group writing of what amounts to three words: the first is the compound pictograph which, as indicated by Qiu Xigui (1992: 351), can be read as two words, bao hu暴虎 ‘to battle a tiger’[1]. The third is then , a word so far restricted for use in nonroyal oracular records with a meaning of ‘distress, (or more generally) unlucky’. The scribe’s ingenuity endomorphicizes a shorthand form of “女” into the tiger’s body.
Once we know that the inscription concerns hunting it can be adduced that 鄉ought to be read as the direction word向, not饗. This reading can be supported by the use of the phrase向

石亞當：A Unique Shang Dynasty Group Writing

on HYZ 381:
戊戌夕卜：己，子其[逐]，从人鄉（向），冓（遘）。
In sum, the correct transcription of HYZ 332 should be:
辛未卜：西鄉(向)，。二

Plate 1: HYZ 332 Fig. 1: 第二個 “木”
2011-10-29, 1:18am
在上海老廟寫成

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[1] Note that while Qiu’s reading was accepted by Yao Xuan (2006: 75-78) , there remains the
possibility that this compound pictograph should to be read asa different word altogether, and not as a variant spelling of which Qiu originally suggested. Liu and Cao’s commentary to HYZ 381 (cited in the body of the paper below) posits that the original meaning of the word derives from its graphic depiction of “chasing off a tiger驅虎”: “其本意應為驅虎, 但在此應為名詞, 即被驅趕之虎” (p. 1710). Regardless of whether it means to ‘battle a tiger搏虎’ or ‘to chase off a tiger驅虎’, based on principles of Shang writing the likelihood still exists that it should be read as two words. It is for this reason that I term the HYZ 332 form a ‘group writing’ and not a conventional ligature (合文).
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